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Battle of Boulgarophygon
The Battle of Boulgarophygon or Battle of Bulgarophygon ((ブルガリア語:Битка при Булгарофигон) ''or'' Битка при Българофигон) was fought in the summer of 896 near the town of Bulgarophygon, modern Babaeski in Turkey, between the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire. The result was an annihilation of the Byzantine army which determined the Bulgarian victory in the trade war of 894–896.
Despite the initial difficulties in the war against the Magyars, who acted as Byzantine allies, the battle of Boulgarophygon proved to be the first decisive victory of the young and ambitious Bulgarian ruler Simeon I against the Byzantine Empire. Simeon would go on to inflict a number of defeats on the Byzantines in pursuit of his ultimate goal, the throne in Constantinople. The peace treaty that was signed as a result of the battle confirmed the Bulgarian domination in the Balkans.
==Background==
During the rule of Boris I (r. 852–889), Bulgaria underwent major changes – the Christianization of the country and the admission of the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius, which marked the beginning of the creation and consolidation of the medieval Bulgarian literature and alphabet. Despite a number of military setbacks against most neighbouring countries, Boris I managed to preserve Bulgarian territorial integrity.〔Andreev, pp. 73, 75〕 During the Council of Preslav in 893, assembled after the unsuccessful attempt of Boris I's eldest son Vladimir-Rasate to restore the traditional Bulgar religion of Tengriism, it was decided that Old Bulgarian was to replace Greek as a language of the church and the Byzantine clergy was to be banished and replaced with Bulgarians.〔Zlatarski, pp. 271–273〕〔Zlatarski, pp. 261–262〕 The Council sealed Boris I's ambitions for cultural and religious independence〔Andreev, p. 87〕 and calmed down the concerns among the nobility, who feared any strong Byzantine influence in the internal affairs of Bulgaria. It was also decided that his third son Simeon, born after the Christianization and called ''child of peace'',〔Andreev, p. 91〕 was to become the next Prince of Bulgaria.〔Andreev, p. 92〕
These events ruined the Byzantine hopes to exert influence over the newly Christianized country, and emperor Leo VI (r. 886–912) soon had a chance to retaliate.〔 Some members of the Byzantine court had an interest in moving the market of the Bulgarian goods from Constantinople to Thessaloniki, which meant that the Bulgarian merchants would have to pay higher taxes.〔 That move affected not only private interests but also the international commercial importance of Bulgaria, regulated with the Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 716.〔Runciman, p. 144〕〔Zlatarski, p. 286〕 The ousting of the merchants from Constantinople, which was a major destination of trade routes from all over Europe and Asia, was a heavy blow for Bulgarian economic interests.〔Obolensky, p. 105〕 The merchants complained to Simeon I, who in turn raised the issue with Leo VI, but the appeal was left unanswered.〔 Simeon, who was seeking a pretext to declare war and begin implementing his plans, launched an invasion of Byzantine Thrace,〔Andreev, pp. 92–93〕 resulting in what has sometimes been called the first commercial war in Europe.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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